Chapter 131

AI, CHRISTMAS AROUND THE WORLD

Nativity scenes , the tradition of commemorating the birth of Jesus through mangers or cribs, began with St. Francis of Assisi in the 13th century, who in 1223 created the first living one, in the city of Greccio, Italy, to educate the faithful about the humility of Christ's birth. This practice quickly spread throughout Europe and became an integral part of Christmas celebrations.

Christmas is a Christian holiday that celebrates the birth of Jesus of Nazareth; the date was officially established to commemorate this event, aligning it with pagan festivals such as the Roman Saturnalia, which celebrated the winter solstice.

Saturnalia, an ancient Roman festival, celebrated in late December marked the end of the agricultural year and allowed slaves to behave like their masters; gambling was permitted, and gifts were exchanged between friends and family, including banquets, parties, and a general atmosphere of joy and uninhibitedness. Some aspects of this celebration may have been absorbed into Christmas customs that developed in Europe in later centuries.

These aspects make Christmas a special and meaningful celebration in many cultures around the world.

Traditions in different countries

Europe:

Germany : where the Christmas tree tradition originated; famous for its Christmas markets, known as Weihnachtsmärkte , where crafts, traditional foods such as Lebkuchen (gingerbread) are sold and Glühwein (mulled wine) is enjoyed.

United Kingdom : It is celebrated with the lighting of lights in the cities, the exchange of Christmas crackers (small wrapped surprises) and the traditional Christmas dinner that includes turkey and special pudding.

Spain : The celebration includes Christmas Eve on December 24, and Kings' Day on January 6, when children receive gifts. On December 22, the Christmas lottery draw is held, a national event.

Portugal : Christmas is a holiday full of family, religious and culinary traditions; it is a time that combines religious devotion, family warmth and delicious traditional dishes, with a festive atmosphere that is felt both in homes and on the streets.

America:

 United States : Christmas is a time of great celebrations, elaborate decorations, and family events. Santa Claus is the central figure, and the exchange of gifts is an important tradition. Houses are often decorated with lights and Christmas figures.

Mexico : Posadas are celebrated between December 16 and 24, recreating the pilgrimage of Mary and Joseph. Families gather to break piñatas and share traditional foods such as tamales and ponche.

Colombia : Festivities begin with the day of the candles on December 7, illuminating the streets and houses with candles and lanterns. The novenas de aguinaldos are daily gatherings to pray, sing Christmas carols and share typical foods such as natilla and buñuelos.

Asia:

Philippines : The country with the longest Christmas celebration in the world, starting in September. The Misas de Aguinaldo or Simbang Gabi are a series of morning celebrations that culminate on December 24.

Japan : Although it is not a traditionally Christian holiday, it is celebrated commercially, with illuminated decorations and a typical Christmas food: Christmas cake and fried chicken.

Africa

Ethiopia : Following the Orthodox calendar, Christmas, known as Ganna , is celebrated on January 7. Celebrations are mainly religious, with long masses and family gatherings.

South Africa : Being in the southern hemisphere, Christmas is celebrated in the middle of summer, often with cookouts and barbecues (braais).

Decorations and universal symbols

Christmas tree : Originating in Germany, the Christmas tree is now a global symbol, decorated with lights, balls, and other ornaments.

Nativity scene : the representation of the birth of Jesus with figures is a common tradition in many countries, especially those with Catholic roots.

Christmas Lights : Decorations with lights, both indoors and outdoors, are universal and represent the light that Jesus brings to the world.

Music and carols

Music is an essential part of Christmas, with carols such as "Silent Night" and "Jingle Bells" sung around the world. Every culture has its own songs and melodies that reflect its traditions.

Cultural variations

In some countries, celebrations have a more religious focus, while in others, Christmas is more secular and commercial. However, the common denominator is family unity, generosity, and the desire for peace.

The most remarkable thing about Christmas is its ability to bring people together and foster an atmosphere of peace, love and generosity. Some highlights:

Family togetherness : Christmas is a special occasion for families to get together, share meaningful moments and strengthen their bonds. Family gatherings and traditions, such as Christmas dinners, are key elements.

Spirit of generosity : During the Christmas season, it is common for people to focus on giving, whether through gifts, donations to those in need, or simply sharing time and affection with others. This spirit of generosity reinforces the idea of ​​community.

Religious celebration : For Christians, Christmas celebrates the birth of Jesus Christ, which gives it a deep and spiritual meaning. Masses and other religious ceremonies are essential for many during this time.

Cultural traditions : Christmas is full of traditions that vary by region, such as carols, decorations, the Christmas tree, and traditional foods. These traditions provide a sense of identity and cultural continuity.

Festive Atmosphere : The Christmas atmosphere, with lights, decorations, music, and festivities, creates an atmosphere of joy and celebration that is unique to the year. Towns and homes are filled with lights and decorations, adding to the sense of wonder and joy.

Reflection and renewal : Christmas is also a time to reflect on the year that has passed and an opportunity to renew hopes and resolutions for the coming year.

The Three Wise Men, known as Melchior, Gaspar and Balthazar, were wise men or astrologers from the East, according to Christian tradition. Although the Bible does not specify their exact places of origin, it is believed that they came from different regions of the East, which at that time could refer to areas such as Persia (present-day Iran), Babylon (present-day Iraq) or Arabia.

Melchior, usually depicted as an old man with white hair, is often associated with Persia. Gaspar, described as younger and fair-skinned, may have come from India or the Arabian region. Balthazar, often portrayed as a dark-skinned man, is thought to have come from Africa, possibly Ethiopia.

These origins suggest that the Three Wise Men were representatives of various parts of the then known world, symbolizing the universality of the Christian message.

The gifts that the Magi brought to Baby Jesus are very symbolic and full of meaning. According to Christian tradition, the Magi from the East offered him three gifts:

Gold : symbolizes the royalty of Jesus, recognizing him as King; a precious metal reserved for kings, so it represented his royal dignity.

Incense : an aromatic resin used in religious ceremonies, symbolizes the divinity of Jesus. By offering him incense, the Magi recognized Jesus as God.

Myrrh : another aromatic resin used in embalming and symbolizing Jesus' suffering and human mortality, anticipating his future death and burial.

Coordination and routes of the Three Wise Men:

The Bible does not give specific details about how the wise men met or how they coordinated their routes. However, according to Christian tradition and some apocryphal writings, the Magi, also known as wise men or astrologers, are believed to have come from different parts of the East.

They would have been guided by a special star, known as the "Star of Bethlehem." This star was a celestial phenomenon that the Magi interpreted as a sign of the birth of a great king. Each of them, upon seeing the star, decided to follow it, which eventually led them to reunite on their journey to Jerusalem, where they consulted King Herod.

After receiving guidance in Jerusalem, they continued their journey to Bethlehem, guided by the same star, until they reached the place where Jesus was. Although there are no exact historical details, it is believed that divine power and heavenly guidance, symbolized by the star, were the elements that united and guided the wise men on their journey.

According to Christian tradition, the Magi, after worshipping the infant Jesus and offering him their gifts of gold, frankincense and myrrh, returned to their places of origin. The Bible does not provide specific details about their final destination, but legend and various later traditions offer different accounts.

One of the most common traditions is that the Magi returned to their home countries, bringing with them the news of Jesus' birth. Some legendary accounts, such as those recorded in apocryphal texts and later writings, suggest that they were baptized by the apostle Thomas and subsequently became bishops in their respective kingdoms.

According to another tradition, his remains were eventually transferred to Constantinople and later to Milan. Finally, in the 12th century, his relics are said to have been taken to Cologne Cathedral in Germany, where they remain to this day and are venerated as holy relics. These stories form part of the rich tradition and legend surrounding the Magi in Christian history.

The childhood of Jesus, according to the New Testament Gospels and some Christian traditions, is a period spanning from his birth to his adolescence. Biblical texts provide little detailed information about this time, and most accounts focus on specific events; what is known and some interpretations:

Birth and early childhood

Birth in Bethlehem : Jesus was born in Bethlehem, according to the Gospel of Matthew and the Gospel of Luke. This event is surrounded by well-known details, such as the journey of Mary and Joseph from Nazareth, the birth in a manger, the visit of the shepherds, and the adoration of the Magi.

Presentation at the Temple : According to Luke 2:22-39, when Jesus was about 40 days old, he was presented at the Temple in Jerusalem. Here, a man named Simeon and a prophetess named Anna recognized him as the promised Messiah.

Flight to Egypt : In Matthew 2:13-15, it is narrated that after Jesus was born, an angel warned Joseph in a dream to flee to Egypt to escape the slaughter of the innocents ordered by King Herod. They remained in Egypt until the death of the tyrant and then returned to Nazareth.

Childhood and adolescence:

Growing up in Nazareth : Jesus grew up in the town of Nazareth in Galilee. His life is believed to have been that of an ordinary child in a Jewish family of the time. Although the Gospels do not offer specific details, it is assumed that Jesus learned the carpentry trade from his father, Joseph, as was the custom.

Visit to the Temple at age 12 - The only detailed account of Jesus' childhood, other than the events of his birth, is when he was 12 years old (Luke 2:41-52). During a visit to the Temple in Jerusalem for Passover, Jesus was left behind while his parents returned home. After three days of searching, they found him in the Temple, conversing with the teachers of the law, surprising everyone with his understanding and answers. This episode highlights Jesus' awareness of his divine identity and mission.

Duration of childhood

The childhood of Jesus, in biblical terms, refers primarily to the time from his birth until this event in the Temple at age 12. After this point, the Gospels provide no further information about his life until the beginning of his public ministry, which began around age 30.

The childhood of Jesus, as recounted in the Gospels, is a relatively short period in terms of biblical narrative. It includes his birth, some key events such as the flight to Egypt and the visit to the Temple, and concludes with his life in Nazareth until the beginning of his adult ministry. The length of his childhood, in general terms, would be from his birth to the beginning of his ministry, which spans approximately 30 years. However, the detailed information only covers a few events.

The most notable virtues in the life and teachings of Jesus, according to the gospels, include:

Love : Jesus taught and practiced unconditional love for all, even one's enemies. His command to "love your neighbor as yourself" is central to his message.

Compassion : Jesus showed deep compassion toward the marginalized, the sick, and the poor. He healed the sick, fed the hungry, and defended the oppressed.

Humility : Despite being revered, Jesus lived humbly, serving others and rejecting earthly wealth and power. He washed his disciples' feet as an act of service and humility.

Forgiveness : Jesus taught forgiveness as a key aspect of the spiritual life. He forgave those who crucified him and taught his followers to forgive "seventy times seven" times.

Justice : Jesus stood for social justice and condemned religious hypocrisy and injustice. He opposed practices that oppressed others and stood for truth and righteousness.

Patience : Jesus demonstrated patience in his ministry, enduring rejection, betrayal, and suffering without losing his cool or purpose.

Faith in God and his plan was central to Jesus' life. He taught his disciples to trust fully in God, even in the most difficult situations.

These virtues reflect his message of love, service and redemption; they continue to be guides for many in the search for an ethical and spiritual life.

Saint Joseph played a pivotal role in raising Jesus according to Christian tradition. Although he was not Jesus' biological father, he was the husband of the Virgin Mary and Jesus' earthly father. His role is noted for his obedience, humility, and dedication to his family.

Protector and Provider : St. Joseph is seen as the protector of the Holy Family. After Jesus was born, St. Joseph was warned in a dream by an angel that Herod wanted to kill the child. So, he took his family to Egypt, where they remained until Herod's death. This shows his role in protecting and keeping Jesus and Mary safe.

Model of father and worker : Saint Joseph is considered a model of fatherhood. He worked as a carpenter; he taught his trade to Jesus, which shows his role as provider and educator. Although not much is mentioned about him in the Gospels, his constant and silent presence is an example of devotion and work.

Obedience to God : St. Joseph faithfully followed God's instructions. From accepting Mary as his wife, even when she was pregnant, to following the angels' directions, St. Joseph showed unwavering obedience to God's will.

Moral and spiritual influence : Although the Gospels do not detail his daily life, it is presumed that Saint Joseph influenced the moral and spiritual development of Jesus, guiding him in his early years and establishing an atmosphere of love and faith in the home.

Saint Joseph is revered as the patron saint of fathers, workers, and the Universal Church, and his role in the life of Jesus is considered vital to the redemptive mission that Christ would carry out.

Christian tradition and some biblical sources mention various aspects of the life of the Virgin Mary , although the information is neither abundant nor completely detailed. What is known and what has been speculated throughout history:

Presence in the early Christian community :

According to the Book of Acts (Acts 1:14), Mary was present with the apostles and other disciples in Jerusalem after Jesus' ascension. She is mentioned as participating in prayer with them, suggesting that she was involved in the early Christian community.

Life in Ephesus :

Tradition holds that the apostle John, to whom Jesus entrusted the care of his mother from the cross (John 19:26-27), took Mary to Ephesus (in modern-day Turkey). This is a tradition that has been supported by some Church Fathers and has been maintained in the Eastern Christian tradition.

Assumption of Mary :

The Catholic Church teaches the doctrine of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary, which holds that at the end of her earthly life, Mary was taken up to heaven body and soul. This belief is based on tradition and is not explicitly mentioned in the Bible. It was declared dogma by Pope Pius XII in 1950. The Orthodox Churches also believe in a form of the Assumption, known as the Dormition of the Virgin.

Worship and veneration :

Since ancient times, Mary has been the object of special veneration in the Church. Her figure has been central to Christian devotion, especially in Catholic and Orthodox Christianity. Over the centuries, numerous Marian apparitions and devotions have emerged, reinforcing her importance in the Christian faith.

Although the Bible does not provide extensive details about the final years of the Virgin Mary, the traditions and beliefs developed throughout history have shaped her as one of the most important and revered figures within Christianity.

AI Opinion: This text, "AI, Christmas in the World" by José Saul Velásquez Restrepo, offers a detailed and well-researched overview of Christmas traditions in different parts of the world, integrating historical, cultural, and religious aspects. Below, I offer you some opinions and reflections on the content: Highlights: Historical and Religious Contextualization: The article provides a solid foundation by explaining the origins of Christmas and its traditions, such as the birth of Jesus and the introduction of nativity scenes by St. Francis of Assisi. This historical introduction enriches the reader's understanding of the deeper meaning of Christmas and its Christian roots. Diversity of Traditions: The description of the various Christmas celebrations in Europe, America, Asia, and Africa highlights the cultural richness and diversity that characterizes this holiday. This demonstrates how a shared celebration can adapt and take different forms based on local traditions. Universal Symbolism: Common elements such as the Christmas tree, nativity scenes, Christmas lights and music are well addressed, showing how these symbols unite people around the world, regardless of their cultural and religious differences.
Depth in Reflection:
The focus on Christmas values, such as family unity, generosity, and reflection, brings a deeper dimension to the article. This analysis goes beyond mere traditions and focuses on the feelings and principles that Christmas promotes.
Areas for Improvement: Content Organization:
The article could benefit from a clearer and more organized structure. For example, separating the sections by continent or main topic would make the text easier to read and understand.
Development of Religious Sections:
The part dedicated to the Three Wise Men and the childhood of Jesus is extensive and detailed, which is positive, but it could be better integrated with modern Christmas traditions. In addition, more information could be included about the influence of these stories on current celebrations.
Artificial Intelligence Integration:
Given the title of the article, it might be interesting to explore how AI is influencing current Christmas celebrations, whether in the creation of content, personalization of festive experiences, or in the preservation and dissemination of Christmas traditions.
Completion of Article:
The last part of the article seems incomplete, stopping at the question about the Virgin Mary after the death of Jesus. Including a conclusion or final reflection that connects all the topics discussed would give a more forceful closure to the text.
Conclusion: The article “AI, Christmas Around the World” is a rich and well-researched exploration of Christmas and its many facets around the world. With some improvements in the organization and integration of all the topics, it could become an even more powerful and cohesive piece. The inclusion of the AI ​​perspective in relation to Christmas could add a contemporary and relevant touch to the discussion.