Chapter 2

IA, THE GENIUS

Geniuses are typically individuals who stand out remarkably, profoundly influencing humanity through their achievements in some area of ​​knowledge or creativity; their most common qualities not only contribute to success in their respective fields, but also distinguish them as individuals capable of making significant and lasting contributions to society; they have intelligence far above average, as measured by a high IQ.

Throughout history, we have witnessed brilliant minds whose contributions have transformed our understanding of the world and left a lasting legacy, inspiring future generations to dream and reach new heights.

Among the most prominent geniuses, we can mention Leonardo da Vinci, a Renaissance polymath whose genius spanned from painting to engineering and anatomy. His masterpiece, "The Mona Lisa," and his innovative machine designs are testament to his genius.

Albert Einstein, the German physicist, revolutionized physics with his theory of relativity, forever changing our perception of space and time. Her equations and her famous formula E=mc² have been instrumental in the development of modern physics.

Marie Curie, the first person to receive two Nobel Prizes in different scientific disciplines (Physics and Chemistry), made crucial discoveries in the field of radioactivity, laying the groundwork for advances in medicine and technology.

Isaac Newton, another pillar of physics and mathematics, formulated the laws of motion and the law of universal gravitation, principles that are still essential in science today.

In the realm of the arts, Ludwig van Beethoven stood out as a composer whose music has resonated throughout the centuries, defying the limitations of his time and his own deafness to create unparalleled masterpieces.

We must also mention contemporary geniuses such as Steve Jobs, whose work at Apple revolutionized personal technology and the computer industry, or Stephen Hawking, whose work in cosmology and his book "A Brief History of Time" popularized complex concepts of the universe for the general public.

Are they born or made?

The question of whether geniuses are born or made has been debated for centuries, and the answer seems to be a combination of both factors:

Genetics: There is a genetic predisposition that can facilitate the emergence of exceptional talents. For example, certain cognitive abilities, such as memory and reasoning ability, may have a genetic basis.

Environment: The environment in which a person grows up plays a crucial role. Intellectual stimulation, access to educational resources, and family support can significantly influence the development of extraordinary skills.

Effort and practice: Malcolm Gladwell's famous 10,000-hour theory suggests that a considerable amount of deliberate practice is needed to achieve mastery in any field. Although this theory has been nuanced and debated, it underscores the importance of sustained effort.

Interaction between factors: It is the interaction between genetic predisposition and environment that often determines the development of a genius. An individual with innate talent needs a conducive environment and practice to reach his or her full potential.

Characteristics and personality:

Insatiable curiosity: They tend to have extreme curiosity and a constant desire to learn and explore.

Original thinking: They tend to think differently and question established norms, which can lead to significant innovations.

Perseverance: The ability to persist in the face of challenges and failures is a common characteristic; they show great determination and resilience, working hard until they achieve their goals.

High sensitivity: Some studies suggest that geniuses may be more emotionally sensitive and have greater emotional depth.

Deep concentration: They can focus intensely on their tasks for long periods of time, allowing them to delve deeper into their area of ​​study.

Exceptional memory: Many geniuses have superior memory, allowing them to remember a large amount of information relevant to their field.

Independence of thought: They are not afraid to challenge established norms and often follow their own path, even if this means facing misunderstanding or rejection.

Creativity: They are capable of original and innovative thinking, finding unique solutions to complex problems.

Ability to think abstractly: They understand and manipulate complex and abstract concepts with ease.

Sensitivity and empathy: Some geniuses also have a great sensitivity to their own and others' emotions, which can influence their creative work.

Passion: They have a deep passion for their field of interest, which drives them to continue learning and creating.

Relationships and friendship

Being a genius can affect interpersonal relationships in a number of ways:

Social difficulties: Some geniuses may have difficulty relating to others due to their uncommon interests or intellectual intensity. This can lead to feeling isolated.

Empathy: However, many geniuses can also be highly empathetic and understanding, which allows them to be good friends.

Inspiration: Geniuses can be sources of inspiration and motivation for their friends, providing unique and stimulating perspectives.

Expectations and pressure: Sometimes, high expectations placed on geniuses can create pressure, which can affect their personal relationships. They are the product of a complex interaction between genetics, environment, and personal effort. Their unique characteristics can influence their relationships both positively and negatively, but with understanding and support, they can be very valuable and enriching friends.

Increasing human intelligence is a topic that has long interested scientists, educators, and psychologists. There are various strategies and approaches that can be taken to improve different aspects of intelligence; each person is different, so it is important to find the strategies that best suit your needs and lifestyle. Intelligence development is an ongoing process, so consistency and motivation to learn and improve are key.

Research-based recommendations:

Mental stimulation:

Regular reading: Reading books, articles, and other varied materials can expand knowledge and improve comprehension and analysis skills.

Strategy games: Games such as chess, sudoku, and other puzzles can help improve problem-solving and critical thinking skills.

Learning new skills: A new language, playing a musical instrument, or practicing a new activity can stimulate the brain and create new neural connections.

Continuing education:

Courses and workshops: Participating in online or in-person courses on topics of interest can help you stay up-to-date and learn new things.

Discussion and debate: Participating in discussions and debates on various topics can help refine critical thinking and argumentation skills.

Physical and mental health:

Regular exercise: Regular physical exercise not only improves physical health, but can also have a positive impact on mental health and cognitive function.

Healthy eating: A balanced diet, rich in essential nutrients such as omega-3s, antioxidants and vitamins, can support brain health.

Adequate sleep: Getting a good night's sleep is crucial for memory and learning ability. Lack of sleep can negatively affect cognitive function.

Emotional and social development:

Mindfulness and meditation: These practices can help reduce stress and improve concentration and mental clarity.

Social relationships: Maintaining healthy social relationships and participating in community activities can stimulate the brain and improve emotional intelligence.

Technology and digital tools:

Cognitive training apps and programs: There are apps designed to improve memory, attention, and other cognitive functions.

Access to information: Using technologies to access and organize information can help process and apply knowledge more effectively.

The article "AI, THE GENIUSES" by José Saul Velásquez Restrepo addresses the nature and characteristics of geniuses, analyzing both their historical contributions and the influences that shape them and strategies to increase human intelligence. Here are some thoughts on the key points of the article:

Historical Geniuses and Their Contributions

Velásquez Restrepo provides a broad and rich overview of several historical geniuses, highlighting their monumental achievements in different fields:

Leonardo da Vinci: Polymath whose curiosity and creativity span multiple disciplines.
Albert Einstein: Transformed our understanding of the universe with his theory of relativity.
Marie Curie: Revolutionized science with her discoveries in radioactivity, earning two Nobel Prizes in different disciplines.
Isaac Newton: Laid the foundations of classical physics with his laws of motion and gravitation.
Ludwig van Beethoven: Innovated in music, despite his deafness, with compositions that still resonate.
Steve Jobs and Stephen Hawking: Represent contemporary genius, innovating in technology and cosmology respectively.
Are They Born or Made?

The debate about whether geniuses are born or made is treated with a balanced perspective, highlighting the interaction between genetic predisposition, environment and personal effort:

Genetics: There is a genetic predisposition that facilitates the development of exceptional abilities.
Environment: The environment has a significant influence, providing the necessary stimuli and resources.
Effort and Practice: Dedication and sustained practice are essential to achieve mastery.
Malcolm Gladwell's 10,000-hour practice theory is mentioned as a reference for the effort required, although this theory has been qualified in later research.

Characteristics and Personality of Geniuses

The article highlights common characteristics in geniuses, such as:

Insatiable curiosity
Original thinking
Perseverance
High emotional sensitivity
Capacity for deep concentration
Exceptional memory
Independence of thought
Creativity and capacity for abstract thinking
Sensitivity and empathy
Passion for their field of interest
These characteristics allow them to excel and make significant contributions, although they can also lead to social difficulties due to uncommon interests and abilities.

Relationships and Friendship

It highlights how the interpersonal relationships of geniuses can be affected by their characteristics:

Social Difficulties: Some may have difficulty relating due to their intense and unique interests.
Empathy and Inspiration: They can be very empathetic and serve as an inspiration to others, providing unique and stimulating perspectives.
Expectations and Pressure: High expectations can generate pressure, affecting their personal relationships.
Increasing Human Intelligence

Velásquez Restrepo offers research-based strategies for improving human intelligence, organized into several categories:

Mental Stimulation: Reading, strategy games, and learning new skills.
Continuing Education: Participating in courses and debates.
Physical and Mental Health: Regular exercise, healthy eating, and adequate sleep.
Emotional and Social Development: Practicing mindfulness, meditation, and maintaining healthy social relationships.
Technology and Digital Tools: Using cognitive training apps and accessing information.
Conclusion

José Saul Velásquez Restrepo's article offers a comprehensive and well-founded view of geniuses, their characteristics, and the debate over whether they are born or made. In addition, he provides practical recommendations for improving human intelligence, based on current research. This balanced and multidimensional view allows us to appreciate not only the contributions of historical and contemporary geniuses, but also the various ways in which we can all cultivate and develop our own intellectual capacities.